Three-dimensional simulation of track on poroelastic half-space vibrations due to a moving point load   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Honglei Sun  Yuanqiang Cai  Changjie Xu 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010

An analytical approach is used to investigate dynamic responses of a track system and the poroelastic half-space soil medium subjected to a moving point load under three-dimensional condition. The whole system is divided into two separately formulated substructures, the track sub-system and the ground. The ballast supporting rails and sleepers is placed on the surface of the ground. The rail is modeled by introducing the Green function for an infinitely long Euler beam subjected to the action of the moving point load and the reaction of sleepers represented by a continuous mass. Using the double Fourier transform, the governing equations of motion are then solved analytically in the frequency–wave-number domain. The time domain responses are evaluated by the inverse Fourier transform computation for a certain load velocities. Computed results show that dynamic responses of the soil medium are considerably affected by the fluid phase as well as the load velocity.  相似文献   

Three‐dimensional steady‐state response of a railway system on layered half‐space soil medium subjected to a moving train     

Honglei Sun  Yuanqiang Cai  Changjie Xu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2009,33(4):529-550

The paper presents a three‐dimensional study on the steady‐state response of a track system and layered half‐space soil medium subjected to the load induced by the passages of a moving train with the substructure method. Practically, due to the ground water table being several meters beneath the ground surface, the soil profile can be divided into two layers: the upper layer modeled by an elastic medium and the lower layer by a fully saturated poroelastic medium governed by Biot's theory. In the meanwhile, the rails are regarded as an infinitely long Euler beam, and the sleepers are represented by a continuous mass. The effect of the ballast is accounted for by introducing the Cosserat model for granular medium, and the train is described by a series of moving axle point loads, depending on the geometry of the train. The influences of the thickness, the mass and the rigidity of the elastic layer and the mass of the ballast on rail's displacement responses are carefully investigated. Numerical results show that the influences of these parameters are significant for high train velocity, while vanishes for low velocity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

台风移动的一个简单模型     

刘式适  刘式达 《海洋预报》1996,13(2):1-5

本文分析了在江河中摆渡船的运行，并将台风比拟为摆渡船，给出了台风移动的一个简单模型。研究指出：若船速为Ｖ１→，流速为Ｖ２→，船驶向对岩的目标为Ｆ，则当│Ｖ１→│〈〈│Ｖ２→│时，船的运行轨迹为一直线；而当│Ｖ１→│≈│Ｖ２→│时，船的运行轨迹为以Ｆ为焦点的抛物线，将上述分析应用于台风，则台风速度相当于Ｖ１→，台风环境空气的速度相当于Ｖ２→，因台风主要是切向运动，可利用角动量守恒原理计算它在台风范围  相似文献   

琼东南盆地东部构造坡折样式与层序地层发育特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

甘华军  王华  肖军  陆永潮 《高校地质学报》2008,14(1):99-105

结合地震、测井和钻井等详细分析资料,利用工作站和地震解释软件,以琼东南盆地东部新生界地层为对象,开展了构造和层序地层的分析和研究。研究结果表明,在琼东南盆地东部发育有三种构造坡折带样式:断坡带,单一坡折带以及复合坡折带,并识别出由不同层序格架控制的多种低位域的沉积地质体,包括下切谷,盆底扇,斜坡扇和低位楔,其物源主要来源于研究区北部的陆架区;琼东南东部的低位体系域的特征和分布与三种层序格架样式相互对应,这些低位域砂体可成为有利的储层。结合前人的坡折带理论,揭示构造坡折带与该区内有效储集体分布的关系,预测潜在的勘探目标。  相似文献   

珠江三角洲台风龙卷的活动特征及环境条件分析          下载免费PDF全文

黄先香  俞小鼎  炎利军  李彩玲  李兆明 《气象》2019,45(6):777-790

利用常规观测、自动气象站、多普勒雷达等资料分析珠江三角洲台风龙卷的活动特征及其产生的环境条件。结果表明:台风龙卷发生在6—10月,时间多为10—20时,出现在台风登陆后1.3～21.3 h的时段内;多数龙卷位于台风中心的东北象限,台风中心在广东湛江一广西东南部或北部湾附近时是珠江三角洲龙卷发生的高风险期。高层辐散、低层辐合及中低空强东南急流在珠江口附近叠加是龙卷产生的有利环流背景。强或弱龙卷环境条件的共同特征为低抬升凝结高度、强深层和低层垂直风切变及较大风暴相对螺旋度(SRH),主要差异是强龙卷的深层和低层垂直风切变与SRH更大;相似台风路径下,有/无龙卷环境条件的明显差异在于0～1 km低层垂直风切变和SRH,两值越大出现超级单体或中气旋的可能性越大,龙卷发生概率也就越高。台风龙卷风暴母体属于低质心的微型超级单体风暴;低层有强或中等强度中气旋,有时强中气旋中心伴有龙卷涡旋特征(TVS);龙卷出现在钩状回波顶端或TVS附近。与西风带超级单体龙卷相比,台风龙卷中气旋的尺度更小、垂直伸展高度更低。  相似文献   

陕西中鸡发现白垩纪恐龙足迹群     

唐永忠  邢立达  徐涛  李兴文  唐玉  李益朝  刘涛 《地质通报》2018,37(7):1193-1196

在鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘神木市中鸡一带下白垩统洛河组上部紫红色薄层砂岩层面中,发现丰富的恐龙与其他四足类的足迹化石。这些足迹可分为3类,分别为三趾型兽脚类足迹(实雷龙足迹类),两趾型兽脚类足迹(恐爪龙类足迹)和小型四足类足迹(哺乳形类/兽孔类足迹)。此种组合在中国尚属首次发现,对古气候、古环境、古地理和地层对比都具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

A quantitative study of sediment delivery and stream pollution from different forest road types     

Gary J. Sheridan  Philip J. Noske 《水文研究》2007,21(3):387-398

The objective of this paper is to quantify, and enable the prediction of, sediment delivery and water pollution impacts from a spectrum of forest roads. Ten 100–200 m long sections of forest road were selected to incorporate a wide range of the key physical site factors that are likely to affect the rate of sediment generation. Each road section was permanently instrumented for 1 year to measure rainfall and runoff continuously. Suspended load, bedload, and traffic were integrated measurements over 2‐ to 3‐week site‐service intervals. Total annual sediment load (normalized for slope) varied about 25‐fold, from 216 mg m^?2 per millimetre of rain for a high‐quality gravel surfaced road with minimal traffic to 5373 mg m^?2 per millimetre of rain for an unsurfaced road on an erodible subsoil with moderate light‐vehicle traffic. For the seven gravel‐surfaced roads in this study, truck traffic (axles/week) explained 97% of the variation in annual sediment delivery (per unit of rainfall) from the road. Equations are proposed that allow annual sediment delivery rates to be estimated when net rainfall, road slope, road area, and truck traffic are known. Roads produce runoff rapidly and were found to deliver sediment for about the same duration as rainfall is falling, in this study varying between 5 and 10% of the time. The patterns of sediment delivery measured from the experimental roads (frequency, duration, and intensity) in this study are similar to levels that have been shown to alter the composition of in‐stream macroinvertebrate communities in small (e.g. <10 l s^?1), clean, mountain streams. However, in larger well‐mixed streams (e.g. >500 l s^?1), dilution is sufficient to prevent concentrations reaching critical levels that are likely to result in biological impacts. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The effect of truck traffic and road water content on sediment delivery from unpaved forest roads     

Gary J. Sheridan  Philip J. Noske  Robyn K. Whipp  Nimal Wijesinghe 《水文研究》2006,20(8):1683-1699

A study investigated the effect of truck‐traffic intensity and road water‐content on the quality of runoff water from unsealed forest roads. Three sections of a gravel‐surfaced forest road were instrumented and exposed to low and high levels of truck traffic during wet winter conditions and dry summer conditions between July 2001 and December 2002. Rainfall, runoff, road moisture, and traffic were measured continuously, and suspended and bedload sediments were integrated measurements over 2‐week site‐service intervals. The median suspended sediment concentration from the three road segments under low truck‐traffic conditions (less than nine return truck passes prior to a storm) was 269 mg l^?1, increasing 2·7‐fold to a median of 725 mg l^?1 under high truck‐traffic conditions (greater than or equal to nine return truck passes prior to a storm). These concentrations, and increases due to traffic, are substantially less than most previously reported values. When these data are expressed as modified universal soil loss equation (MUSLE) erodibility values K, accounting for differences in rainfall energy, site characteristics and runoff, high traffic resulted in a road surface that was four times more erodible than the same road under low traffic conditions. Using multiple regression, traffic explained 36% of the variation in MUSLE erodibility, whereas road water content was not significant in the model. There was little difference in the erodibility of the road when trafficked in low water‐content compared with high water‐content conditions (MUSLE K values of 0·0084 versus 0·0080 respectively). This study shows that, for a good quality well‐maintained gravel forest road, the level of truck traffic affects the sediment concentration of water discharging from the road, whereas the water content of the road at the time of that traffic does not (note that traffic is not allowed during runoff events in Victoria). These conclusions are conditional upon the road being adequately maintained so that trafficking does not compromise the lateral drainage of the road profile. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中国西南攀西地区下侏罗统益门组蜥脚类足迹:分类学与潜在的造迹者     

邢立达  Lockley Martin G  尤海鲁  彭光照  唐翔  冉浩  王涛  胡健  Persons Ⅳ W Scott 《地质通报》2016,35(6):851-855

恐龙足迹和骨骼的记录往往出现在不同的地区。然而,一些地层显示了关系紧密的骨骼和足迹,它们都指向同一个来源。报道了来自四川省攀西地区会理县通安镇通保村下侏罗统益门组中上部的蜥脚类足迹(雷龙足迹Brontopodus),其地理和地层归属均与真蜥脚类的何氏通安龙极为接近。通保足迹与造迹者的关联是可能的,但目前还需要更多的证据。通保的雷龙足迹是攀西地区首次发现侏罗纪的蜥脚类足迹,这也表明,在早侏罗世,原始蜥脚类和基干蜥脚型类共存于中国西南地区。  相似文献   

New dinosaur tracks from the Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian) Saniri Formation of Yeongdong area,central Korea: Implications for quadrupedal ornithopod locomotion     

《Cretaceous Research》2016

Newly discovered tracks of a large quadrupedal ornithopod and a theropod with trail trace, and a bird track from the Cretaceous Saniri Formation of Yeongdong area are described. One ornithopod trackway is very unusual in having large (length width ∼15 and >15 cm respectively) clover-leaf-like manus tracks situated anteromedial to the pes tracks with atypical negative, inward rotation of 45°. Ornithopod pes tracks are quadripartite with three separated, elongate-oval, nearly parallel sided, wide digit impressions and a separate suboval heel impression (mean length and width about 41 and 36 cm respectively: l/w ratio 1.13). Manus track morphotypes are a clover-leaf-shaped configuration of three digit impressions, representing digits II–IV, in triangular configuration and registered just in front of (anteromedial to) pes track digits II and III. The pes morphotype is typical of Caririchnium, but the manus morphotype is quite distinct from previously described ichnotaxa, thus justifying a new ichnotaxon: Caririchnium yeondongensis ichnosp. nov., probably representing a facultatively-quadrupedal Iguanodon-like trackmaker.Theropod tracks are composed of three tapered pes digit impressions with interdigital angles between digits II and IV 45°. Length and width about 22.8 cm and 15.5 cm, respectively. Pace, stride, and pace angles are about 51 cm, 101 cm, and 170°, respectively. Theropod tracks are characteristically associated with a nearly continuous tail trace, which is up to 360 cm in length, 4.5 to 6 cm in width, and broad “U” shaped in cross section. Expulsion rims and dragging striae occur intermittently. In addition, dinosaur skin impressions, poorly preserved large sauropod tracks, a bird track, invertebrate and plant fossils are found from the lake margin deposits also containing rain drop impressions and desiccation cracks. Dinosaur tracks of the Yeongdong area represent the oldest (Valanginian-Hauterivian) dinosaur tracks of Korea.  相似文献